The Crop Science Society of China (CSSC) was established in December 1961 and is currently affiliated with the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (ICS-CAAS). As an academic society established under the approval of the Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA), CSSC is a legally registered, academic, nationwide non-profit organization that is voluntarily formed by scientists and institutions in the field of crop sciences. It is also a national society under the leadership of the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST).

Focusing on crop germplasm resources, gene mining, variety breeding, and crop cultivation, CSSC is dedicated to both fundamental and applied research at the forefront of global crop science and technology. The society is committed to serving national food security and promoting high-quality agricultural development.

The business lines of CSSC cover international cooperation, academic exchanges, journal publication, professional exhibitions, science popularization, technology promotion, achievement appraisal, science and technology awarding, group standards development, professional training and consultation.

After over 60 years of arduous effort, CSSC is now composed of 7 working committees and 23 specialized committees, with more than 270 institutional members and nearly 20,000 individual members. Inspired by the spirit of "dedication, innovation, realism, cooperation", CSSC insists on serving research workers with the support of CAST and CAAS. In the past 60 years, CSSC has persistently worked on strengthening the relationship between the Communist Party of China, the government, and science and technology researchers, with better service as basic responsibility and their satisfaction as principal criteria.

CSSC actively participates in the development of key national programs such as "Innovation China," "China Science Communication," and "Excellence Journals". In the present, CSSC has developed various academic exchange platforms at different levels, and has hosted over 10 high-end academic conferences annually, continuously improving their quality, expanding their scale and influence steadily. In 2021, CSSC was selected for the "Construction Project of First-Class Societies with Chinese Characteristics." With the support of CAST, the society has comprehensively enhanced its organizational cohesion, academic leadership, public credibility, and international influence. It has emerged as a widely recognized academic organization within the industry, which plays a significant role in advancing crop science and technology in China.

CSSC publishes four journals, including The Crop Journal (bimonthly, in English), Acta Agronomica Sinica (monthly, in Chinese) and Crops (bimonthly, in Chinese) and Journal of Triticeae Crops (monthly, in Chinese). The Crop Journal and Acta Agronomica Sinica, were funded by Excellence Action Plan for China STM Journals both in 2019–2023 and 2024–2028.